双语 | 你感受到了吗？外媒说中国PM2.5浓度已连降两年
近日，全国多地遭遇重度雾霾袭击，从地图上看，华北地区简直惨不睹………
在“中国尊”上看到雾霾压境，与蓝天白云层次分明：
两个字：可怕！
小伙伴们也纷纷调到“口罩模式”。
然而，这么多年了，自从意识到雾霾的危害后，政府、社会和个人一直在努力寻找源头，消除霾患，但雾霾依然频频肆虐。到底问题出在哪里？我们该如何应对？
让我们来看一下数据详实的外媒报道，换个角度看雾霾↓↓↓
世卫组织标准25微克每立方米，华北飙升至1015
In some parts of Beijing, government data showed levels of PM2.5 near 400 micrograms per square meter, far above the World Health Organization’s recommended limit of 25 micrograms per cubic meter, Xinhua reported. In the industrial city of Shijiazhuang, PM2.5 levels rose to 1,015 micrograms per cubic meter, according to one monitoring station, Xinhua reported.
据新华网报道，北京部分地区的官方数据显示PM2.5浓度已接近400微克每立方米（截至12月19日），远超世界卫生组织的建议限值25微克每立方米。在工业城市石家庄，一处监测站的数据显示PM2.5浓度飙升至1015微克每立方米。
新华网发推文“晒”一天内同一地点雾霾前后对比图
雾霾下的故宫
Visibility was particularly bad in the coastal city of Tianjin, where more than 200 flights were delayed or canceled and every highway was shut down on Monday, according to Xinhua.
本周一（12月19日），海滨城市天津的能见度极低，致200多次航班延误或取消，境内所有高速公路封闭。
China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection reported that 21 other cities across north and central China, including Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan and Zhengzhou, have joined Beijing in issuing red alerts since Friday, triggering restrictions on factories and traffic.
环保部公布，从上周五（12月16日）开始，包括北京、天津、石家庄、太原、郑州在内的22个华北、华中城市启动了红色预警，采取工厂限产、交通限行措施。
Road works were suspended; older and “dirty” high-emissions vehicles were forbidden from taking to the roads; and heavily polluting industries such as steel plants were ordered to halt or slow their operations.
暂停道路工程，禁止污染排放高的老旧车辆上路，钢厂等重污染行业停产或限产。
北京一建筑工地采用雾霾净化设备
Over the past few days, pollution-related restrictions in Beijing and elsewhere have hit companies in a range of industries. State-owned China Petroleum & Chemical Corp., also known as Sinopec, was ordered to cut output in some areas, according to an executive at the company, who said idle workers were still being paid albeit at a reduced rate.
过去几天里，北京和其他地区的限制污染措施涉及众多企业。中石化一名负责人表示，公司被要求减少在一些地区的产量，虽然如此，依然会为闲置的员工支付工资。
The Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau on Sunday named several businesses that were punished for pollution-related offenses over the weekend, including a Beijing roast-duck restaurant fined for “failing to use clean energy.”
北京市环保局上周日（12月18日）公布了周末因违反限制污染措施而被处罚的企业名单，一家北京烤鸭店因未使用清洁能源被罚。
SF Express, an express-delivery company, posted a warning Saturday that packages delivered to Beijing and Tianjin would be delayed for up to two days due to traffic restrictions.
顺丰快递上周六（12月17日）发布公告称发往京津地区的快件或因交通限行延误，最多延后两天。
治霾：全国PM2.5平均浓度连续两年下降 北京空气质量已连续三年改善
《华尔街邮报》公布的北京PM2.5年度变化趋势以及2016年各月同比数据
Environmentalists said the government’s response was better coordinated and more effective than last December, when the government waited until several days into a bout of heavy smog, and endured a public uproar, before calling its highest-level pollution alert.
环保人士称相比于去年12月，今年政府对重污染天气的响应更加协同高效。去年同期，重雾霾天气持续数日后政府才发布最高级别的污染预警，引起公愤。
Many people in China have begun to rethink the value of a clean environment after decades of accepting pollution as the price of progress. A survey by the Pew Research Center released in October found that a majority of Chinese respondents said air pollution should be reduced even if it means slower growth.
几十年来人们认可污染作为发展的代价，如今很多中国人开始重新思考清洁环境的价值。皮尤研究中心10月进行的一项调查显示，大部分中国受访者认为即使发展速度放缓，也要减少空气污染。
“If you don’t have health, if you die prematurely, what’s the meaning of more economic growth?” said Ma Jun, founder of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs. “That’s the choice now.”
中国公众与环境研究中心创始人马军说：“如果没有健康，如果过早死亡，再多的经济增长又有何用？这是现在所面临的选择。”
That shift in attitudes has allowed the Chinese government to take a more aggressive—and expensive—approach to battling smog , according to Mr. Ma. While there are no authoritative calculations of the economic costs of enforcing red alerts, “the sacrifice is quite high,” he said.
马军表示，态度的转变使得中国政府采取更加强硬、代价更高的治霾措施。虽然关于实施红色预警的经济成本没有权威计算数据，但“牺牲是相当大的”。
The Communist Party’s flagship newspaper People’s Daily on Saturday chastised some cities for failing to clamp down on polluters during previous bouts of smog, saying local officials were still overly enthralled with economic growth. “Between GDP and fiscal revenue on the one hand, and PM2.5 and clean air on the other, the former is their ‘true love,’” the paper said.
《人民日报》周六（12月17日）发文批评一些城市在之前的雾霾爆发期间未能严格限制污染企业，地方官员依然执迷于经济增长。该报称这些官员“在GDP、财政收入和PM2.5、空气质量之间，前者才是‘真爱’”。
Because of both pollution-control efforts and slowing growth, China has seen some improvement in air quality in recent years. Across the country, according to Xinhua, PM2.5 concentrations have fallen 8.3% from a year earlier, the second consecutive reduction. Beijing’s air has gotten better three years in a row.
由于近几年经济增速放缓，加上控制污染方面所做的努力，中国的空气质量有所改善。据新华社，全国PM2.5平均浓度在连续两年下降的基础上，同比下降8.3%。北京空气质量已连续三年改善。
告别雾霾，任重道远
There are still barriers to enforcement of environmental protections, including light and weakly enforced punishments for heavy polluters, said Ma Xiaoping, an economist at HSBC.
汇丰银行经济学家马小平表示，环保措施的实施仍存在障碍，包括对重污染企业惩罚太轻，并且执行不力。
“Some blame the high economic growth rate for pollution but I think the real problem is a lack of government supervision,” he said. He said reductions in industrial production from pollution controls would likely have a limited impact on the overall economy as the interruptions were coming late in the year and were mostly regional.
他说：“一些人将污染归咎于经济快速增长，但我认为真正的问题在于缺乏政府监督。”他说，污染控制所带来的工业生产减少对整个经济的影响很可能非常有限，因为对生产的影响发生在年底，并且大部分是地区性的。
Speaking to the New York Times this week, Ma Jun said China had made “huge progress” in tracking the sources of air pollution over the past decade and had also become much more transparent in releasing information about the blight. However, the risk to human health remained severe, with studies suggesting air pollution was causing between 300,000 and 1 million premature deaths a year.
马军本周向《纽约时报》表示，过去十年间中国从源头治理大气污染取得了巨大进展，对破换环境行为的信息公开也更加透明。但人们所面临的健康威胁依然严峻，研究表明每年有30万-100万人因空气污染过早死亡。
“There isn’t much research on the relation between air pollution and lung cancer in China, and even less with accessible research results.” Ma said.
马军说：“在中国，关于空气污染与肺癌之间联系的研究并不多，可查到的研究结果则少之又少。”
Dong Liansai, a Beijing-based climate and energy campaigner for environmental group Greenpeace, warns that the smog contained tiny airborne particulates known as PM2.5 which were linked to numerous “adverse health effects” including lung cancer, asthma and heart disease.
绿色和平气候与能源项目主任董连赛告诫道，雾霾中的微小可吸入颗粒物（即PM2.5）会给健康带来诸多不利影响，如肺癌、哮喘和心脏病。
Dong said the declaration of the red alert was a positive step that would help temporarily reduce emissions and pollution levels. “But this is only a short-term measure. If you want to solve the problem of air pollution then you really need to have a long-term policy,” the campaigner added. “And given that coal is the No 1 source we really recommend a nationwide cap on coal consumption … that would help accelerate the transition away from coal.”
董连赛认为启动红色预警是一项积极措施，会暂时减少污染和降低污染水平。“但这只是短期措施，如果想解决空气污染问题必须制定长期政策。既然燃烧煤炭是空气污染的最主要来源，我们建议全国范围内限制煤炭消费……这有助于加快转变对煤炭的依赖。”
Dong said the smog was “a reminder, after a period of improvement over the last few years, that there is still a lot to do in the future”.
董连赛称雾霾是对人们的提示，尽管过去几年（治理雾霾）取得了进步，但未来还需要做很多努力。
英文来源：The Guardian、The Wall Street Journal
编译：译世界
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